股抵消(FO)被定义为红cular distance between the femoral head’s center of rotation and the long axis of the femur, which is estimated using an anteroposterior (AP) radiograph of the pelvis as shown in Figure 1. In total hip replacement (THR), it is assessed preoperatively, and the surgeons can precisely control the FO to optimize abductor muscle strength, range of motion (ROM), and stability. Clinical studies and computer modeling have indicated a correlation between an increase in ROM and abductor muscle strength with increased FO. However, some authors have suggested that if the anatomical offset is not restored, the patient may develop fatigue, impingement, limp, or prosthesis dislocation. A decrease of the FO in clinical studies has been implicated in reduced ROM and abductor muscle strength, gait abnormalities, and increased polyethylene wear. Several studies have reported on whether FO affects the muscle strength and ROM, but limited data exists on whether the FO affects stem stability during gait. Therefore, our objective was (1) to determine the change in muscle activity at the hip joint during gait for different FOs in the context of THR and (2) to evaluate the bone implant micromotion of the femoral stem during gait.

Fig. 1. Natural femoral offset and implanted prosthesis for which the leg will result in medial displacement of 10mm offset reduction and a lateral displacement of 10mm increment.

A Trabecular femoral stem prosthesis (Trabecular Metal™, Zimmer, USA) was included in an OpenSim model and five case studies were analyzed for resultant forces during gait: decreased (-10 and -5 mm), increased (+5 and +10 mm), and restored (0 mm) FOs. Boundary conditions and corresponding vertical peak load of each FO obtained from the OpenSim for a gait cycle were applied, and the model was solved using ANSYS 13.0 to evaluate the stress distribution at the bone-stem interface in the medial and lateral elements contained in two rings of 12 mm height around the proximal and distal portion of the stem. Our largest value for micromotion of 100.0 um was below the critical limit and was comparable to values obtained using cadaveric femurs and no significant differences in micromotion were noted across the varying FOs. The lack of correlation between FO and micromotion suggests that a variation of the FO within 10 mm of the anatomical offset does not affect bone implant micromotion during gait, but does have an effect on the pattern of muscle loading forces during gait.

Farid Amirouche
University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Orthopaedics, Chicago, IL, USA

Publication

No effect of femoral offset on bone implant micromotion in an experimental model.
Amirouche F, Solitro G, Walia A
Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2016 May

Read offline:

Related Articles:

	The anterolateral ligament of the knee – an anatomical…In 1879, Paul Segond published an article on clinically present and experimentally created bloody effusions in sprained knee joints. As an associated aggravation, he reported the formation of comminuted fractures…
	A novel digital nasoalveolar molding approach for cleft lip…Presurgical nasoalveolar molding (PNAM) is a widely accepted approach applied before cheiloplasty for infants with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP), which can effectively reduce the width of the cleft…
	Arthroereisis for symptomatic flexible flatfoot deformity in…Flexible flatfoot is a common deformity in the pediatric population. The foot due to ligamentous laxity is unable to support the body weight at its three contact areas to the…
	The stress of dieting: what a rat model may tell us about…In the United States, obesity and concomitant diseases such as hypertension and diabetes have soared in older adults—and obesity is especially pronounced in women after menopause. Numerous strategies are used…
	Predictive sensing: the role of motor signals in sensory…The brain receives sensory information and uses it to build a representation of our environment and guide our behaviors. However, these voluntary actions in turn also lead to stimulation of…
	The Neuromuscular Junction: a core interpreter in the…Muscle and nerve communicate at the level of a specialized region, namely the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), a synaptic connection where the peripheral nervous system contacts skeletal muscle fibers, governing crucial…